Life jackets or personal flotation devices (PFD) are available in a wide range of styles, sizes, and materials. Most importantly, there are several types of PFDs available, each for specific water activities. If you are kayaking or boating in calm waters, then you might use a Type II or Type III flotation device. On the other hand, If you’re going out to the open sea which may be rougher, you should use a Type I life jacket and also have a throwable life ring on board.
You may also want to consider whether to purchase an inflatable or semi-inflatable PFD. The advantages of an inflatable life jacket are that it is less bulky than traditional PFD. However, you need to make sure that you know how to inflate it correctly before you end up in the water. It’s also important to buy a PFD that is the correct buoyancy for your weight.
Requirements
Federal Requirements state that all boat owners must have a coast guard approved life jacket for each person onboard. All life jackets must be the correct size for each person. For example, children should NOT be allowed to wear an adult PFD. If your boat is sixteen feet or longer, you’re also required to have a floatation device which can be thrown in the event of an emergency.
PFD Types
A Type I PFD or off-shore life jacket will help the user survive for longer periods of time in rough seas even if rescuers are slow in getting there. This is the best type of PDF to buy as it has advanced safety features such as the ability to turn an unconscious person face up. Many Type I devices have been designed to protect users from hypothermia. They consist of hard wearing, warm materials and usually come in bright colors, so they can be easily seen rough waters.
A Type II PFD is also referred to as a near-shore buoyancy vest; it is applicable for kayaking or boating in calm waters. Type II PDFs are usually more streamlined, less bulky and therefore, more comfortable to wear. They are slightly padded but are less bulky than type I life jackets. These jackets are not suitable for rough waters.
Type III or floatation aid is intended for boating and sporting activities in calm waters. They are usually the most comfortable to wear. The downside of this type of PFD is that it won’t turn an unconscious person face-up, which may increase the chances of drowning. The Type III foam vest has the same buoyancy as a type II.
The Type IV, or throwable device, includes life rings horseshoe buoys and flotation cushions which can be thrown to someone who has fallen overboard. They can be used anywhere but again, are required on boats longer than 16 feet.
The Type V PFD is a special-use device that is used in very specific applications.
It is very important that your life jacket is a good fit. If it is too loose, it will ride up over your head and won’t keep your head above water if you are unconscious. On the other hand, if it is too small, it won’t have enough buoyancy and won’t be effective at keeping you afloat.
It is also important to store your life jacket away from direct sunlight and chemicals as these will corrode the PFD’s material. Check the life jackets label and only use it in the conditions it has been approved. Be sure to inspect and replace your life jackets from time to time. The U.S. Coast Guard has more information on life jackets at this link.